Risk management

Risk description

Q-Park risk management measures

National or local governments could implement measures which could potentially be unfavourable to the parking sector (e.g. introduction of low emission zones, electric vehicle charging requirements and banning of traffic within inner-city boundaries).

• Have an active role in industry representing associations such as Vexpan and EPA.

• Create sufficient presence in cities and regions to have a seat at the table and cooperate with governments, NGOs, and businesses on mobility needs.

• Ensure geographic diversification of Q-Park's portfolio in the different countries but also within cities to avoid large dependencies on specific regions or locations.

• Invest extensively in online platforms and value-added services to become a proactive business partner for local authorities and help them to develop (mobility) solutions.

• Invest in electric vehicle charging points to respond to the growing demand for additional inner-city EV charging facilities.

Factors that potentially influence parking revenues (prices and/or mobility) include pressure from the general public and retailers, political changes, high inflation or a material decrease in GDP. Lower parking revenues could significantly impact Q-Park’s profitability and cash flows, particularly in situations where lower parking prices will not result in more transactions.

• Cooperate with governments, NGOs, and other businesses on mobility solutions.

• Highlight the relevance of regulated and paid parking to society through clear communication through a variety of channels.

• Maintain commercial functions that analyse different tariff schemes, simulate the effects of changes, and align prices with the local circumstances and market situations.

• Strengthen the commercial, customer, and market intelligence organisation by establishing Group-wide teams and actively sharing knowledge and experiences.

The parking market (new business) is characterised by competition between a relatively limited number of mostly existing players. In addition, technology is used increasingly in the parking market which results in new competitors.

• Ensure geographic diversification with sufficient presence in different regions and cities to ensure efficiency in operations and to be competitive in tenders.

• Offer a variety of (long-term) business propositions ranging from full ownership to ground leases, concessions and/or lease contracts.

• Invest in the digital transformation of the Company (online platforms and parking management systems) to meet customer needs with up-to-date technology that provides efficient access and payment solutions.

• Invest in offering other or additional services to our customers such as EV charging or leasing of excess space/capacity in our facilities

• Invest in business development teams and knowledge to deliver business proposals in line with market requirements and needs.

• Closely monitor developments in digital solutions created by existing and new competitors.­

Car parking is an indirect service which depends on external factors (e.g. offices, shopping centres, leisure amenities). New customer behaviour (e.g. online shopping, working from home) or changes in the popularity of certain stores, locations or areas pose a risk of a decrease in parking demand and, hence, a decrease in Q-Park’s business and revenue.

• Maintain geographic diversification of Q-Park's portfolio and a further spread across multiple indirect markets and attractive cities.

• Manage a portfolio with focus on large multifunctional locations instead of monofunctional locations.

• Adapt products to changing market demands (i.e. by offering more flexibility and new digital products such as the Q-Park app and pre-booking options).

• Invest in offering other or additional services to our customers such as EV charging or leasing of excess space/capacity in our facilities.

Risk description

Risk management measures

Pandemic outbreaks

A pandemic outbreak in combination with government measures that restrict mobility of people can significantly impact our business and financial results as we are dependent on the availability and accessibility of the amenities in the vicinity of our parking facilities.

Safety and liability

• Ensure geographic and contractual diversification of Q-Park's portfolio.

• Manage a portfolio with focus on large multifunctional locations instead of monofunctional locations.

• Maintain a healthy and solid liquidity position to be able to absorb a temporary loss of income and related cash flow.

• Apply a high standard of health and safety measures in our parking facilities to provide customers and employees a safe parking experience under all circumstances.

The safety of our customers and employees is a top priority. If an employee or a customer sustains injury while at work or while visiting one of the Q-Park parking facilities, this could also impact our reputation.

• Adhere to health and safety procedures relating to employees and customers.

• Invest in maintenance and security tools (i.e. CCTV monitoring) to ensure clean and safe parking facilities with proper instructions for visitors.

• Encourage non-cash payments and outsourcing of cash handling to specialised third parties to reduce risks of theft.

• Report and monitor incidents and provide training and development programmes focusing on personal safety and safety measures in and around our parking facilities.

Continuity of the Company and its business is crucial. Continuity depends on a number of factors, including suppliers. We are potentially vulnerable to Parking Management Systems (PMS), ICT, and infrastructure which are to a large extent provided by third-party suppliers.

• Business Continuity and Data Recovery is a crucial component of our Information Security Programme.

• We use different systems from independent suppliers where operational efficiency is one of the key objectives.

• Conduct preventive maintenance and conclude service level agreements (SLAs) with suppliers to ensure corrective interventions within agreed time frames.

• Connect the Q-Park Control Room (QCR) to parking facilities to assist in the event of business interruptions and operate a 24/7 service desk.­

Good, experienced, and knowledgeable people are the foundation of our Company and its success. The Company must ensure that it is able to employ and retain the right people.

• Continuously work on employer branding in the job market and have competitive employment conditions.

• Develop training and development opportunities for employees.

• Maintain a system for performance measurement and annual reviews.

Ethics and integrity are important conditions for confidence in the Company. Behaviour deemed to be unethical could lead to loss of revenue and reputation.

• Maintain a code of ethics and integrity including a Whistleblower Policy in line with the EU Whistleblower directive and organise periodic training sessions to ensure awareness and have proper systems in place to detect irregularities.

• Ensure Management Board and key management demonstrate ‘tone at the top’.

• Apply a zero-tolerance policy.

Risk description

Risk management measures

The Company owns a considerable amount of property and goodwill. If the economic climate deteriorates this could result in a permanent reduction in the value of assets. If potential impairment indicators are not identified, determined, or communicated in a timely fashion, the Company could incur reputational and financial damage.

• Evaluate the existence of impairment indicators on an annual basis.

• Monitor performance against prior periods and budgets to identify risk areas of potential impairments.

• Employ an independent valuation expert to conduct periodic valuations when necessary.

Given that the nature of the business is capital-intensive, access to external financing is crucial for continuity. A liquidity risk could arise if external financing is not available to the Company when refinancing is required.

• Continuous monitoring of financial covenants and other relevant KPIs.

• Proactively consult with our external debt providers to discuss the ongoing business, strategy, results, and financing needs.

• Periodic evaluation of the appropriateness of the financing structure and adjust if needed.

The external debts can be subject to variable interest rates, thereby exposing the Company to fluctuations in interest rates. A significant increase in variable interest rates would have a negative impact on results.

• Include a mix of fixed and variable interest rates for financing operations, combined with the use of interest rate instruments if needed.

• Adopt an interest rate policy in which at least 70% of the variable rated debt is covered by interest rate derivatives (interest rate swaps and interest caps).

The Company's functional currency is the euro. Given that the Company also operates in the United Kingdom and Denmark, we are exposed to fluctuations in the GBP and DKK exchange rates.

• Monitor and report periodically on currency risk exposure.

• Optimise currency risk through natural hedges (i.e. revenue and costs in the same local currencies, external debt in foreign currency) which reduces the risk on the net cash flow from these operations.

• Manage a centralised cash pool overlay in which an excess or shortage in GBP or DKK can be effectively managed and translated with our EUR accounts.

Risk description

Risk management measures

If misstatements are made such that the financial statements do not give a true and fair view of the Company's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows, users of the financial statements would be incorrectly informed.

• Maintain common and consistent accounting policies, reporting processes, and standard chart of accounts.

• Monitor critical access and segregation of duties and perform compensating controls if necessary.

• Periodic audits on both consolidated and local statutory financial statements.

• Actively involve relevant stakeholders.

Given the increasing use of online communication and the professionalism of cybercriminals, the Company must focus constantly on continuity of ICT systems and on ensuring the security of crucial information and sensitive customer data (e.g. payment card details, passwords). A successful attack or hack by cybercriminals could cause reputational and financial damage and impact business continuity.

• Implementation of the Q-Park Information Security Programme based on a Cyber Maturity Assessment and executed in accordance with a formal governance structure. Important components of this programme include:

  • Perform periodic reviews and updates of the programme to adapt to current developments and potential new risks and threads.

  • Embed and monitor our information security policies to secure confidentiality and integrity of data, including continuity measures in conjunction with outsourcing partners.

  • Improve user awareness and behaviour to reduce cybersecurity risks by offering training programmes to our employees.

  • Manage ICT Asset risks in a pro- and reactive way.

  • Improve incident response, disaster recovery and business continuity.

  • Further comply to common standards such as PCI DSS, GDPR and ISO 27001.

  • Implement cybersecurity solutions to detect attacks and have remediation procedures in place.

  • Centralisation of ICT systems allowing central enforcement of security measures.

  • Initiate a Secure Software Development Life Cycle programme for our applications in collaboration with our main supplier.

• Our Information Security officer (CISO) coordinates the execution of the Information Security Programme and manages operational cybersecurity risks.

Changes in the legal and regulatory environment tend to increase the risk of non-compliance with local, national, and international laws and regulations, as well as tax legislation. Failure to comply with applicable regulations could lead to fines, claims, and reputational damage.

• Having corporate functions in place to monitor local risks and challenges from a Group perspective (e.g. compliance, tax, finance, and legal).

• Involve external specialists where necessary to analyse impact, risks and actions needed on regulatory changes.

• As GDPR is a key focus area within information security, we closely monitor GDPR legislation and specifically when related to data exchange with non-EU companies.